zhouyueyue
Appassionato
Iscritti
Registrato: 04/07/19 12:19
Messaggi: 242
|
|
TLR10- cluster of differentiation 290
Posted On : May-14-2009 | seen (874) times | Article Word Count : 383 |
Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) often known as CD290 (cluster of differentiation 290) , is the most recently identified human homolog of the Drosophila TOLL protein. Human TLR10 is an orphan member of the Toll-like receptor family that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) often known as CD290 (cluster of differentiation 290), is the most recently identified human homolog of the Drosophila TOLL protein. Human TLR10 is an orphan member of the Toll-like receptor family that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Like other members of the TLR family, TLR10 contains a signal peptide, multiple leucine-rich repeats, a cysteine-rich domain , a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic TOLL interleukin-1 receptor domain. The human TLR10 gene occupies 3,269 bases arranged in three exons on the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p14) and encodes an 811-amino acid protein, approximately 50% identical to TLR1 and to TLR6. TLR10 is most closely related to TLR1 and TLR6 with 48% and 46% overall amino acid identity, respectively. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene (1).
In vivo , TLR10 mRNA expression is highest in immune system-related tissues including spleen, lymph node, thymus, tonsil. TLR10 mRNA is most highly expressed on B cells. In vitro, TLR10 is moderately upregulated by autocrine IFN-纬 , IL-1尾, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-伪 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. TLR10 mRNA expression in THP-1 cells is elevated after exposure to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ex vivo, monocyte TLR10 expression increases while granulocyte expression decreases on exposure to Gram-negative bacteria. (2 , 3)
Due to absent of its rat homologue, the natural ligand for TLR10 has not been identified yet. Genomic studies indicate that TLR10 is in the same locus that contains TLR1 and TLR6 and are also structurally similar to each other. It has been speculated that, like TLR1 and TLR6, TLR10 may form a heterodimer with TLR2 and thereby be sensitive to similar pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent studies have shown that TLR10 was not only able to homodimerize but also heterodimerize with TLRs 1 and 2. (1)
TLR10 has been identified as a potential asthma candidate gene because early life innate immune responses to ubiquitous inhaled allergens and PAMPs may influence asthma susceptibility and thus TLR10 genetic variation may often contributes to asthma risk. (4)
References:
1. The Journal of Immunology, 2005 , 174: 2942-2950.
2. Chuang, T. & R.J. Ulevitch (2001) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1518:157.
3. Zarember, K.A. & P.J. Godowski (2002) J. Immunol. 168:554.
4. Hornung, V. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:4531.
s we all are aware of the digital marketing industry, it moves rapidly as a right smart info. With everyone moving fast with breaking things , it鈥檚 easy to spill behind on the (DMNS) which really matters.
So, let's look up with some of the knowledge gaining news websites who always keep updating with the breaking Digital marketing headlines in-depth to analysis it with trending trends.
Inside AdWords Blog
Some news sources break AdWords developments so fast you鈥檇 think they were constantly hitting refresh on the official Inside AdWords blog. The authoritative place to get news about new AdWords features, the AdWords blog is the news source for PPC marketers who need to know what鈥檚 going on.
Search Engine Land
If you鈥檙e in hunting, you鈥檙e probably already an eager reader of Search Engine Land. The publication also organizes and hosts the hotly anticipated Search Marketing Expo (SMX) conference every year. The industry鈥檚 news source for both breaking headlines and comprehensive analysis, Search Engine Land should be in every search marketer鈥檚 RSS feed.
Search Engine Watch
Must talked about for search marketers , Search Engine Watch provides a wide range of coverage of everything that鈥檚 going on in Digital Marketing. Although SEW fling breaking news and timely content, it also provides analysis of developing trends.
Search Engine Journal
Over the period of time, SEJ has grown from a small but dedicated blog into a diverse and reliable source of Internet Marketing Latest news with its finger on the pulse of everything be it search, social, SEO , and content.
SEM Post
The SEM Post is one of the firstborn sites who break news stories about the industry鈥檚 events. If you want to stay up-to-date on what鈥檚 going on in search, be sure to sign in to the SEM Post鈥檚 RSS feed and follow them on Twitter as they are making it one of the best places to keep . |
|
Portale
Blog
Album
Gruppi utenti
Lista degli utenti
Pannello Utente
Registrati
FAQ
Cerca
Messaggi Privati
Statistiche
Login
Calendario
Downloads
